Yes, two women can have a biologically related child through assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, the process depends on whether both women want to contribute genetically or if one will carry the pregnancy.
Here’s how it works:
1. Reciprocal IVF (Both Women Contribute Biologically)
✅ How it works:
- One woman provides the egg (genetic mother).
- The other woman carries the pregnancy (gestational mother).
- Sperm from a donor fertilizes the egg via IVF.
✅ Result:
- The baby is genetically related to the egg provider.
- The birth mother shares a biological connection through pregnancy (epigenetics).
🔬 Science Note: While the gestational mother doesn’t share DNA, her womb environment can influence gene expression (epigenetics).
2. Egg Sharing + Donor Sperm (One Genetic Mother)
✅ How it works:
- One woman provides the egg, and the other carries the baby.
- Sperm from a donor is used for fertilization.
✅ Result:
- The baby is genetically related to only one mother.
- The non-biological mother can still establish legal parenthood through adoption or pre-birth orders.
3. Future Possibility: In Vitro Gametogenesis (IVG) – Both Mothers’ DNA?
🔮 Experimental but promising:
- Scientists are working on IVG, which could allow two women to create an embryo using stem cell-derived eggs.
- Currently not available, but research is ongoing [Nature study, 2023].
⚠ Ethical & Legal Hurdles:
- Some countries ban same-sex IVF or require a male donor.
- IVG is not yet FDA-approved for human use.
4. Real-Life Examples
- Ellen Page & Emma Portner (used donor sperm + IVF).
- Kristin Chenoweth & Partner (reciprocal IVF).
- Wanda Sykes & Wife (adopted, but explored IVF).
5. Legal & Financial Considerations
✔ Cost: 20,000–50,000+ (IVF + legal fees).
✔ Laws: Check local surrogacy/same-sex parenting laws.
✔ Parental Rights: Ensure both names are on the birth certificate.
Final Answer
✅ Yes, two women can have a biological child via:
- Reciprocal IVF (one provides the egg, the other carries).
- Donor sperm + IVF (one or both can be involved).
- Future IVG tech (may allow both to contribute DNA).
Next Steps: Consult a fertility clinic and LGBTQ+ family lawyer.
