Great question! The terms “surrogate” and “gestational surrogate” are often used interchangeably, but they actually refer to two different types of surrogacy arrangements. Here’s a clear breakdown:
1. Traditional Surrogate (often just called “Surrogate”)
- Biologically related to the baby
- The surrogate uses her own egg, which is fertilized by the intended father’s sperm (or donor sperm) through artificial insemination.
- This makes the surrogate the genetic mother of the child.
🔸 Less common today due to emotional, legal, and ethical complexities.
2. Gestational Surrogate
- Not biologically related to the baby
- An embryo created via in vitro fertilization (IVF) is implanted into the surrogate’s uterus. The egg and sperm may come from the intended parents or donors.
- The gestational surrogate has no genetic link to the child—she is simply the carrier.
🔹 Most commonly used form of surrogacy today, especially in agency-supported and legally regulated arrangements.
🧬 Key Differences at a Glance:
| Feature | Traditional Surrogate | Gestational Surrogate |
|---|---|---|
| Egg source | Surrogate’s own egg | Intended mother or donor |
| Genetic link to baby | Yes | No |
| Conception method | Artificial insemination (IUI) | In vitro fertilization (IVF) |
| Common today? | Rare | Most common |
⚖️ Why This Difference Matters:
- Legal implications: In traditional surrogacy, legal parentage can be more complex because the surrogate is the biological mother.
- Emotional complexity: Gestational surrogacy is often preferred to minimize emotional complications tied to a genetic connection.
- Medical approach: The procedures involved (IUI vs. IVF) differ in cost, invasiveness, and medical protocols.
